History Of Manga-Shōnen,seinen,andseijin manga (3) [Sex & Women's Roles In Manga For Males:- In early shōnenmanga, men and boys played all the major roles, with women and girls having only auxiliary places as sisters, mothers, and occasionally girlfriends. Of the nine cyborgs in Shotaro Ishinomori's 1964 Cyborg 009, only one is female, and she soon vanishes from the action. Some recentshōnen manga virtually omit women, e.g., the martial arts story Baki the Grapplerby Itagaki Keisukeand the supernatural fantasy Sand Landby Akira Toriyama. However, by the 1980s, girls and women began to play increasingly important roles inshōnen manga, for example, Toriyama's 1980 Dr. Slump, whose main character is the mischievous and powerful girl robot Arale Norimaki. The role of girls and women in manga for male readers has evolved considerably since Arale. One class is the pretty girl ( bishōjo). Sometimes the woman is unattainable, but she is always an object of the hero's emotional and sexual interest, like Belld andy from Oh My Goddess!by Kōsuke Fujishimaand Shao-lin from Guardian Angel Gettenby Minene Sakurano. In other stories, the hero is surrounded by such girls and women, as in Negimaby Ken Akamatsu and Hanaukyo Maid Teamby Morishige. The male protagonist does not always succeed in forming a relationship with the woman, for example when Bright Honda and Aimi Komori fail to bond in Shadow Ladyby Masakazu Katsura. In other cases, a successful couple's sexual activities are depicted or implied, like Outlandersby Johji Manabe. In still other cases, the initially naive and immature hero grows up to become a man by learning how to deal and live with women emotionally and sexually, like Yota in Video Girl Aiby Masakazu Katsura, Train Man in Train Man: Densha Otokoby Hidenori Hara, and Makoto in Futari Ecchiby Katsu Aki. Inporuno-andero manga (seijin manga), often called hentai manga in the U.S., a sexual relationship is taken for granted and depicted explicitly, as in work by Toshiki Yui and in Were-Slutby Jiro Chiba and Slut Girlby Isutoshi. The result is a range of depictions of boys and men from naive to very experienced sexually. Heavily armed female warriors (sentō bishōjo) represent another class of girls and women in manga for male readers. Somesentō bishōjoare battle cyborgs, like Alita from Battle Angel Alitaby Yukito Kishiro, Motoko Kusanagi from Masamune Shirow's Ghost in the Shell, and Chise from Shin Takahashi's Saikano. Others are human, like Attim M-Zak from Hiroyuki Utatane's Seraphic Feather, Johji Manabe's Karula Olzen from Drakuun, and Alita Forland (Falis) from Sekihiko Inui's Murder Princess As of 2013 national censorship laws and local ordinances remain in Japan and the public response to the publication of manga with sexual content or the depiction of nudity has been mixed. Series have an audience and sell well but their publication also encounters opposition. In the early 1990s the opposition resulted in the creation of Harmful manga lists and a shift in the publishing industry. By this time large publishers had created a general manga demand but the corollary is that they were also susceptible to public opinion in their markets. Faced with criticism from certain segments of the population and under pressure from industry groups to self-regulate, major publishing houses discontinued series, such as Angeland 1+2=Paradise, while smaller publication companies, not as susceptible to these forces, were able to fill the void. With the relaxation of censorship in Japan after the early 1990s, a wide variety of explicitly drawn sexual themes appeared in manga intended for male readers that correspondingly occur in English translations. These depictions range from mild partial nudity through implied and explicit sexual intercourse through bondage and sado masochism (SM), zoophilia (bestiality), incest, and rape. In some cases, rape and lust murder themes came to the fore front, as in Urotsuki dojiby Toshio Maeda and Blue Catalyst from 1994 by Kei Taniguchi, but these extreme themes are not commonplace in either untranslated or translated manga.